Organization of the body parts

The body is organized into various hempisheres and planes each performing their own function that then allows another sections to work and function properly. The following illustrations and descriptions should give you an idea of how the body is sectioned off:

Directional:

There is superior and inferior. Superior is the upper part of the structure and inferior, as the name suggests, is below the superior section of the structure.

Anterior and Posterior are the back and front of the body as if it were cut down the middle so that your chest was anterior and your back was posterior. However, it can also be said that there are smaller parts to this like, your nose is anterior to your eyes-your nose is infront of your eyes.

Medial is the line running through the middle of the body that pertains to the inner part of the body. Lateral is opposite of medial, it's the outer parts of the body. Intermediate is between the medial and lateral sections.

Proximal is everything running from the bottom of a structure up. And distal is of course the opposite, top to bottom.

Superficial is the skin or outer layer of the body. Deep covers all of the internal parts of the body, organs and such.

These terms can be remembered simply by braking down the name into basic parts. This naming system is similar to most any part of the body.

Planes:
-Frontal divides the body into anterior and superior (front and back.)

-Sagital into left and right.

-Medial lies on the midline.

-Transverse runs horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior (Upper and lower)

-Oblique is sectioned off diagnally.

Within the body we have cavaties. Cavities are sectioned off spaces of the body. These cavities include the dorsal cavity, the long section running from the back of head down the spine/back. Since it covers the back it thus lies in the posterior plane. This can be remembered by thinking of fish or sharks, the dorsal fin is always on their back. The spinal cavity is of course right below this where the spine lies. The cranial cavity is at the top of the dorsal cavity, and like the name implies is of course the skull.

The ventral cavity is from the top of the chest, just below the neck, down to the pelvis. This cavity lies within the anterior plane. The ventral cavity is made up of the thoracic cavity which covers everything inside the ribcage such as the lungs and heart. Below this (inferior) is broken down once more within the ventral cavity into the abdominopelvic. Within this is the abdominal cavity which contains organs like the kidneys and spleen. And below this is the pelvic cavity which includes the reproductive organs and bladder.

Tissues

Homeostasis

Homeostasis (homeo=similar, stasis=staying), or staying the same includes the regulation of the temperature and of the food, salt, and gas content of the fluid bathing all cells. Really, the body's ability to adapt to changing conditions. When the body is heated or cooled it uses homeostasis to balance itself again. Both animals and humans perform homeostasis. For example dogs pant to cool themselves down while humans sweat instead to lower their temperature. Homeostasis not only regulates the body's temperature but also the chemical composition of the body fluids. Homeostasis is totally different and personal for each individual. Various factors come into play with homeostasis. For example, a person's weight, metabolism, and clothing all effect temperature regulation. There is also negative feedback from homeostasis Which prohibits the body from working. Regulating temperature, like shivering to warm up is a good example of negative feedback. Positive feedback on the other hand allows the body to exceed its expectations. An example of positive feedback would be blood clotting as the result of a cut. In a way things are both good and bad.

Homeostasis Lab

Our homeostasis lab didn't go exactly to planned every second but we learned form those mistakes and corrected them. Our experiment to test homeostasis was to see how long it would take each of our bodies to return to their normal temperatures after being cooled and then after being heated.  We used two girls and two boys to compare.  First we recorded the normal temperature of our bodies.  We then placed our hands in ice water and kept them there for one minute. We then timed ourselves to see how long it would take for our hands to return to their original temperatures. We then repeated the experiment but used hot water instead. For some of us it took ages to return to our normal temperatures and for others it only took a few minutes. Over all it seemed the boys' homeostasis worked much faster than the girls'.

This experiment only tested a portion of our bodies.  This would be quite a bit different if it were the entire body.  In fact, my own Mother experienced hypothermia during a river rafting trip.  My mother used to run rivers constantly.  One of her many trips though went very wrong.  The group had just started out when my mother was bumped out of the boat into the extremely cold choppy waters.  Just before the trip the group had been told that people don't die from inhaling too much water but drinking too much.  As my mom was swept down the river she was continuously dunked under the water and unintentionally gulped down the frigid water.  She was not only drowning to some extant, but freezing herself inside and out.  She rode down the river following the raft for nearly four miles.  The team managed to pull the raft onto a bank and fling her a rope to pull her to shore.  Once on shore she could hardly breath much less move.  At first she was just numb and somewhat delirious.  Once she had sat in the sun for a few moments she transitioned into uncontrollable shaking.  Though the shaking had begun to relax, her hands and feet still didn't have full dexterity and her color hadn't changed from the purply blue.

My mother of course became numb because any heat had been drained from her body, everything froze up, including her brain.  When she began shaking, it was her body's response to the cold; it was making an attempt to warm itself up-homeostasis.  Her hands and feet were the last to return to normal because the core of the body will warm fastest and spread outward.  My mom believes it took her about forty-five minutes to return to a fairly normal temperature and over an hour to return to a totally normal temperature.  And this was after changing into dry clothes and sitting in the sun directly after getting out of the water.

My mother's experience was basically a large scale version of our experiment.  I think hearing this real life story helped me not only understand homeostasis but also the real danger you can put your body into in extreme heat-hypothermia and extreme cold-hypothermia plus the possibilities of long term effects.